The six formulas
| Formula | Measures | Best for |
|---|---|---|
| Flesch Reading Ease | 0–100 ease score from words per sentence and syllables per word | General writing, web copy |
| Flesch–Kincaid Grade | US school grade from the same inputs | Education, US government documents |
| Gunning Fog | Grade from sentence length and share of 3+ syllable words | Business writing |
| SMOG | Grade from 3+ syllable words per 30 sentences | Health and patient information |
| Coleman–Liau | Grade from letters per word and sentences per 100 words | Checks that don’t rely on syllable counting |
| Automated Readability Index | Grade from characters per word and words per sentence | Technical manuals |
What is a good readability score?
For content aimed at the general public, aim for a Flesch Reading Ease of 60 or more and a grade level of 8 or below. The average US adult reads comfortably at about an 8th-grade level, and health organisations such as the NIH recommend patient materials at grade 6–8. Academic and legal writing will naturally score harder.
What readability formulas can’t tell you
Formulas count; they don’t read. A short sentence of nonsense scores as “easy”, and a well-structured technical explanation can score as “hard”. Use the score to spot problem areas, then judge with your own eyes, or ask a reader from your audience.