How to recognise passive voice
A passive sentence has a form of “to be” (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) or sometimes “get” followed by a past participle: was written, is being built, has been approved, got fired. The checker looks for that pattern, including regular -ed verbs and about 100 irregular participles.
A quick human test: if you can add “by zombies” after the verb and it still makes grammatical sense (“the report was written… by zombies”), it’s passive.
When passive voice is the right choice
- The doer is unknown: “My bike was stolen.”
- The doer is obvious or irrelevant: “The suspect was arrested.”
- You want to keep the focus on the thing acted on, as in scientific methods: “The samples were heated to 80 °C.”
How to change passive to active
Find the doer (often after “by”), move it to the front, and turn the verb into its active form. “The ball was kicked by Maya” becomes “Maya kicked the ball”. If there is no “by”, decide who did it: “Mistakes were made” becomes “We made mistakes”.